Finance

Introduction: In the quest for financial security, tax savings techniques emerge as a vital tool, enabling individuals to retain more of their hard-earned income. The Income Tax Act offers a plethora of deductions and exemptions, empowering taxpayers to minimize their tax liabilities effectively. Whether navigating the terrain of the old tax regime with its array of deductions or embracing the simplicity of the new regime with limited exemptions, understanding the nuances of tax-saving techniques is paramount. In this comprehensive guide, we delve into the strategies and tactics to optimize tax savings under both regimes, empowering you to make informed decisions and pave the path towards financial prosperity. Tax Savings Techniques in the New Regime: Under the new tax regime, taxpayers encounter a streamlined approach to tax-saving, with fewer deductions available. However, leveraging the available avenues can still yield significant benefits. 1. NPS Employer Contribution (Sec 80CCD (2)): Employer contributions to the National Pension Scheme (NPS) represent a valuable tax-saving opportunity. For government employees, this contribution can amount to 14% of salary (Basic+DA), while non-government employees can claim up to 10%. Maximizing this deduction can substantially reduce tax liabilities while securing a robust retirement fund. 2. Agniveer Corpus Fund (Sec 80CCH (2)): Contributions to the Agniveer Corpus Fund, whether by individuals or the government, qualify for tax deductions. This provision not only fosters philanthropy but also offers tangible tax benefits, underscoring the importance of social responsibility in tax planning. 3. Family Pension Deduction (Sec 57(iia)): Family pension income, a vital source of support for many, is eligible for tax deductions under Section 57(iia). By claiming a deduction of one-third of the income received or Rs 15,000, whichever is lower, taxpayers can alleviate the tax burden on this essential financial resource. 4. Interest on Home Loan for Let-out Property (Sec 24): Under the new tax regime, interest on home loans for let-out properties enjoys full deductibility without any upper limit. This provision incentivizes investment in real estate while providing tax relief to landlords, thereby fostering growth in the housing sector. 5. Transport & Conveyance Allowance Exemptions: Transport and conveyance allowances serve to mitigate the expenses incurred during travel for work-related purposes. Exemptions on these allowances provide relief to employees, enhancing their disposable income and promoting workforce mobility. 6. Exemptions for VRS, Gratuity, and Leave Encashment (Sec 10): Certain exemptions under Section 10, including those for Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS), gratuity, and leave encashment, offer financial reprieve to employees undergoing significant life transitions. By availing these exemptions, taxpayers can navigate career shifts and retirement with greater financial ease. Tax Savings Techniques in the Old Regime: While the new tax regime offers simplicity, the old regime boasts a plethora of deductions and exemptions, enabling taxpayers to optimize their tax savings. 1. Home Loan Benefits (Sec 80C, 24): The repayment of home loan principal and interest qualifies for deductions under Sections 80C and 24 respectively. This provision encourages homeownership while providing tax relief on mortgage repayments, thereby fostering wealth accumulation through real estate investment. 2. Health Insurance Premiums (Sec 80D): Taxpayers can claim deductions on health insurance premiums paid for themselves and their dependents under Section 80D. With varying limits based on age and coverage, this provision incentivizes proactive healthcare planning while reducing tax liabilities. 3. Investments in Government Schemes (Sec 80C): Investments in government-mandated schemes such as PPF, NPS, and SCSS offer dual benefits of high returns and tax waivers under Section 80C. By harnessing the power of these instruments, taxpayers can secure their financial futures while minimizing tax burdens. 4. Life Insurance Premiums (Sec 80C, 10(10D)): Premiums paid on life insurance policies qualify for deductions under Section 80C, with the maturity proceeds also exempted under Section 10(10D). This provision not only encourages financial protection but also facilitates tax-efficient wealth accumulation through insurance investments. 5. Other Deductions Beyond Sec 80C: Beyond Section 80C, taxpayers can avail deductions on various expenditures such as charity donations (Sec 80G), education loan interest (Sec 80E), and rent paid (Sec 80GG). These deductions provide additional avenues for tax optimization, catering to diverse financial needs and goals. Planning Tax-Savings Techniques for Investments: Effective tax-saving investment planning requires careful consideration of individual circumstances and financial goals. By following a systematic approach, taxpayers can maximize their tax savings while aligning investments with their long-term objectives. 1. Early Planning: Commence tax-saving investment planning at the beginning of the financial year to capitalize on compounding benefits and make informed decisions. 2. Assessment: Evaluate existing tax-saving avenues, including insurance premiums, EPF contributions, and tuition fees, to determine the extent of potential tax savings techniques. 3. Regime Selection: Compare the benefits of both old and new tax regimes to identify the most advantageous option based on current and projected deductions. 4. Investment Selection: Select tax-saving investments that align with your goals and risk tolerance, such as ELSS funds, PPF, NPS, and fixed deposits. 5. Quarterly Investment: Spread out investments over the year to avoid last-minute rushes and ensure optimal utilization of tax-saving opportunities. Conclusion: In the ever-evolving landscape of tax regulations, proactive tax savings techniques emerge as a cornerstone of financial success. Whether navigating the complexities of the old tax regime or embracing the simplicity of the new regime, understanding the nuances of tax-saving strategies is essential for maximizing wealth accumulation and securing financial well-being. By leveraging the myriad deductions and exemptions offered by the Income Tax Act and adopting a systematic approach to tax-saving investments, taxpayers can chart a course towards lasting prosperity and financial freedom.

Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), founded in 1983, specialized in lending money to technology and biopharma start-up companies. It funded the start-up companies by borrowing deposits from rich companies. To maintain the interests of these wealthy depositors, SVB generated the funds by choosing to invest their money in a secure long-term Treasury Bond. Before moving ahead, a basic idea about Treasury Bonds is necessary to understand what happened with the Silicon Valley Bank (SVB). If you are already accustomed to the term, skip to Why Did the Collapse Happen? A treasury bond is a debt security issued by the United States Department of the Treasury to finance the government’s operations and activities. Treasury bonds are considered the safest investments available and are highly liquid, making them a desirable option for investors seeking capital preservation and a steady income stream. Now, answering the question in everybody’s mind. Why did the Collapse Happen? All was well until the Federal Bank decided to increase the interest rate, forcing SVB to provide better interest rates to its depositors. The only hurdle was that the money was locked into long-term, low-interest Treasury Bonds. This, in turn, urged the depositors to withdraw their money in search of higher interest rates, forcing SVB to sell some of its Treasury bonds at a loss (bonds fall in value when interest rates increase). As a result, the bank started to face a liquidity crisis which occurs when a bank does not have enough money to make up for the amount withdrawn by the depositors. SVB soon realized it needed to raise money. Hence, it filed with the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) to raise funds. This got them noticed by depositors, sending a message that the bank was insolvent and making them rush to withdraw their money. During the weekend, the FDIC assumed control of the bank and assured all depositors that they would receive their money back, even if their deposits exceeded the $250,000 FDIC deposit guarantee. This action was taken to prevent panic among customers. Notably, the bank’s collapse was not due to high-risk investments or fraudulent activities but rather because it had not predicted the impact of investing depositors’ money into low-yielding securities. What are the impacts of the Silicon Valley Bank Collapse Breakdown? As a bank that provided financing for almost half of U.S. venture-backed companies, the impact of the Silicon Valley Bank Collapse had enormous implications, some of which are listed below: Many of the world’s leading companies relied on SVB for their financial services. In such a short period, they are finding it difficult to find a replacement that can match the services like lending, cash management, and investment banking. Another global impact of the collapse is on the United State’s leadership position in technology and finance. SVB’s failure has many geopolitical implications. As among the top 20 American commercial banks, SVB had relationships with many banks and financial institutions worldwide. And this collapse made it easy for people to question the continuity of the United States on remaining on top in these sectors. The collapse of SVB has had a ripple effect beyond the United States, affecting numerous countries worldwide. Many of the world’s top tech firms are based outside the U.S., so they rely on SVB’s essential financial services. These firms now face greater difficulty obtaining financing and accessing necessary financial assistance. Role of the FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is a U.S. government bureau that was founded in 1933 in response to the widespread bank failures of the Great Depression. Its primary purpose is to insure deposits in banks and savings associations, promoting stability and public confidence in the financial system. The FDIC can insure deposits up to $250,000 per depositor per bank and supervises and examines banks to ensure their safety and soundness. In addition, the FDIC plays a role in resolving failed banks and minimizing losses to depositors and the deposit insurance fund. The FDIC sources funds from premiums paid by member banks and thrift institutions. It plays a critical role in safeguarding the U.S. financial system and promoting stability in the banking industry. Would tech industries be vulnerable post the Silicon Valley Bank Collapse? While the government’s announcement should give most companies assurance that they’ll eventually get their money back, there may be some difficulties to overcome in the short term. Tech companies that had money with SVB and could not access it face a big problem: payroll. The FDIC guarantees some deposits, but more is needed to cover all the money that companies had with SVB. This concerns companies that deposited cash with SVB and those that used other SVB financial products, like loans or credit cards. And, even if the companies directly didn’t use SVB may be affected because, for many of them, their vendors were connected with the bank. The Bottom Line The second largest bank failure is a setback for businesses and countries worldwide as they have to deal with the losses and the implications of the Silicon Valley bank collapse and be even more cautious of what lies ahead. While FDIC ensures people they’ll get their money back, it is still a lot of mess to clean up. And there is even the question of whether it can help the depositors with more than $250k. The collapse of SVB highlights several risks due to its focus on the technology sector, regulatory factors, competition, and external events. Businesses and governments worldwide must closely watch the situation and plan how to deal with its aftermath.

Were you one of those people who had no idea why folks worldwide were interested in buying weird images like the one with a little girl with a mischievous smile standing in front of a burning building (aka the disaster girl)? Or via GIPHY Were you one of those creating quirky and cool NFT arts and getting them dollar bills in your wallet? Whichever side you see yourself placed on, NFTs have lately become the talk of the town. And even businesses couldn’t resist incorporating it into their strategies. This blog illustrates how you can use NFTs for growth business and answers several other questions related to NFTs. Non-fungible tokens or NFTs are unique and irreplaceable ‘tokens.’ They are digital proof that you own something rare and solitary. For more information about NFTs, head to Everything to know about NFT marketing. NFTs for Growth Business Potential Profitable Investment First and foremost, NFTs can be a profitable investment. Companies and start-ups can continue to use this broad collaboration with their NFTs for investment purposes. If you want to maximize your return on investment, you need to sell at the right time. Given how quickly the value of NFTs fluctuates, it is recommended that you take time each day to check the deal to maximize your profits. Additionally, to maximize your investment in NFTs, you should monitor trends and the market daily. Boon for the E-commerce World So far, NFTs have been used primarily for creating and distributing digital products. However, NFTs can be linked to tangible objects like barcodes used as identifiers. E-commerce businesses can have difficulty providing authentic goods to trade. NFTs can successfully solve the return fraud problem that can hurt a brand’s profit margins. NFT technology ensures the traceability, authenticity, and transparency of transactions. Most of the fashion items we buy will be tokenized and uniquely identified on the blockchain in the future. It will also be available in digital formats with augmented reality and virtual worlds. Tracking Customer Loyalty Digitally By participating in a loyalty program, customers can be rewarded for their loyalty and encouraged to do business again. Businesses can use membership programs to give members exclusive deals and discounts. Companies may even consider using a digital NFT loyalty card. Once the customer signs up, it can be downloaded to their mobile phone. Every time they visit a store, they scan the loyalty NFT code to collect loyalty points. Prices, discounts, or blockchain tokens used in stores can be pushed when certain thresholds are reached. NFT and The Gaming Zone Thanks to NFTs, gamers can now hoard collectibles. Initially, gamers did not own anything that they bought in the game. So, if the company shut down, they would lose everything they purchased. NFT has made the world a better place for gaming freaks as they can now save, sell or transfer all their collectibles even if the company shuts down. Since all NFTs are unique and cannot be duplicated or counterfeited, NFTs offer developers an opportunity to create apparent rarity. This means that NFT items can be assigned a specific value based on their rarity, making them more attractive to potential buyers. Not only is this a blessing for the players, but even the creators also have much to gain. via GIPHY Possible challenges and risks A GIF was sold for $590,000. Fantastic, right? But wait, there’s more to it than making a lot of money. As exciting as NFTs may sound, several challenges and risks are associated with them. Before investing in the NFT market, understand the risks and challenges of using NFTs for your business. Cyber fraud NFTs have created a pathway for digital creators to earn more money. This has increased the risk of cyber fraud and is likely to harm digital assets and investors who buy and sell NFTs on the market. There are many instances where replicas of original NFT transactions are posted on the internet. These stores look authentic as they copy their initial logos and content. These fake NFT shops pose a considerable risk as they may sell NFTs that don’t exist in the digital world. Smart contract risks and NFT maintenance Smart contract and NFT maintenance risks are currently prevalent in the NFT market. Contracts are pre-programmed and based on if-then logic. They are trained to automatically enforce actions once the predetermined conditions are met. There are several scenarios in which a hacker attacks the decentralized-finance network and steals a large amount of crypto. This shows that perfect security cannot be expected if a smart contract is even slightly flawed. Uncertain prices The biggest challenge in the NFT market is the uncertainty in determining NFT prices. No standards are set for certain NFTs, so NFT prices can fluctuate significantly. We cannot determine the factors that may affect the price of NFTs. The cost of the NFTs is based on factors such as creativity, uniqueness, and the scarcity of buyers and owners. Because of this, price volatility remains a constant challenge, making NFT valuation a significant challenge. So, what’s worth picking up at the NFT market? NFTs are like the chameleons of the digital world. They can transform anything, from your brainwaves to a funky beat, into a unique and exclusive digital asset. (Quite literally because even a tooth X-ray has been recorded to be sold as an NFT) However, the latest buzz around NFTs is all about selling digital art. It’s like a virtual art gallery where you can own a masterpiece that exists only in the digital realm. Get ready to unleash your inner digital art collector and dive into the world of NFTs!

If you don’t have a sound budgeting plan, business expenses can mount up very quickly. Running a business without a carefully considered budget could put you in financial trouble. 35% of companies overspent their budgets in 2020. These companies might have gone out of business without solid backup and additional funds. What’s even sadder is that 46% of companies didn’t even create a budget for 2021. That’s where certain smart budgeting hacks come into the picture. Why budgeting is important? What makes budgeting crucial? Beginning with proper budgeting, you can create financial stability for your company. Since you’re better managing and keeping track of your expenses, it enables you to be in a proactive financial position by eliminating income ambiguity. In addition, the following are some additional justifications for learning sound budgeting techniques: Clarity in decision-making. Having accurate budget data on which to base your supply purchases makes decision-making much simpler. Make a growth or goal plan. Budgeting allows you to see how much money you’ll need to save to achieve any goals you have for the next five years. Ensure a healthy cash flow. To keep your business afloat, you need cash flow to pay for necessary daily costs for operations as well as other significant issues. Recognize your areas of spending excess. By not overspending on non-investment-worthy items, you can improve the bottom line of your company’s finances. Obtain financing or credit for your company. You need a sizable amount of funding if you want to grow your company. And any bank or lender will inquire about the financial health of a company. Make plans for unanticipated costs. Sales were halted when stores were forced to close due to the pandemic. As the weeks passed, some stores closed their doors, which resulted in sizable employee layoffs. How to make your budget for business better Budgeting issues frequently force IT departments to make cuts. However, because of the COVID-19 pandemic and the widespread cybercrime, businesses are looking to increase their IT spending this year. The fastest rate in more than a decade, according to Gartner’s 2022 CIO and Technology Executive Survey, CIOs anticipate an increase in IT budgets of 3.6% this year. Here are a few spending guidelines that companies can use to maximize their investment: Utilize real-time data because trends and conditions are constantly changing in our quick-paced world. You must include the most recent data in your budget if you want to stay current. When you have access to the most recent expense and reimbursement reports, there’s a good chance you could stop some expenses in their tracks and even produce more precise financial projections. Make both macro and micro budgets. Macro budgets offer a more comprehensive view of an industry, nation, or economy. Micro budgets, on the other hand, can be weekly or monthly budgets that help you keep tabs on your spending, which could otherwise get out of hand if neglected for too long. An organized budget is one that is successfully carried out. All budget discussions should be recorded and made available to all departments so that there is transparency at work and business heads are aware of their exact responsibilities and resource allocation. Maintain flexibility: You have the flexibility to respond quickly to changes in the business environment thanks to live data and microbudgets. Small businesses require this crucial skill, especially in today’s world where business environments are changing quickly. Align budget with strategy: You must do this after you reach break-even point or begin making a healthy profit margin. If you need to build a new office, enter a new market, hire new IT professionals, or make an acquisition, only when your budget and strategy are in sync will you be able to accomplish your goal. Having backup budgets: Alternative budgets are those created to account for any significant changes you anticipate having an impact on the business. It might result in something advantageous, like receiving a round of funding, or something detrimental, like failing to generate income during a particularly lean time. Analyze your cash flow: If your cash flow is strong, you won’t ever experience the annoying liquidity problems that can make even the most profitable companies fail. Select the appropriate budgeting techniques: Just as there is no one-size-fits-all business model, there is no one budgeting technique that works for all businesses. You must select a budgeting technique based on the size, nature, and goals of your business. You might select: Budgeting based on activities rather than a specific objective. Value-based budgeting, which allocates funds to departments in accordance with the value they produce. Zero-based budgeting requires justification of each department’s spending plan before funding is allocated. 7 steps to creating a smart budget for your small business In 66% of cases, small businesses face financial difficulties, with 43% citing operating expenses as their biggest issue. Small companies are the ones with the lowest budget prevalence. This is due to their dislike of creating one. However, small businesses must develop a budget because it enables them to produce consistent growth and advance their operations. Unlike large corporations, which must show sound financial management to manage their sizable budgets, small businesses must be resourceful to make the most of their funding since it is difficult to obtain. When creating your budget, small businesses should take into account these seven factors. Look at your income: Finding out how much money you have or make each month and annually is the first step. In other words, to calculate gross sales, add up all of the revenue from each vertical. Your financial statements will begin with this number. Determine your variable costs, which change from month to month. Utility bills, shipping and travel costs, and commissions are a few examples. Your profit is impacted by each of these costs. You can improve your bottom line and expand your business by lowering your variable costs. Determine your fixed costs: The next step is to determine your fixed costs. These expenses, such as payroll, rent,

The real estate market has remained faithful to investor expectations through the many ups and downs in the last couple of years. It is time-tested and widely believed to be immune to market volatility. Many experts believe that positive expectations and upward momentum will continue in the upcoming year because they have demonstrated their ability to sustain themselves. Commercial real estate funds are becoming more visible on the market as small-time investors increasingly find appeal in the idea of earning a steady passive income from safe real estate investments. For these investors who do not have a portfolio worth crores, the upcoming year may bring a lot more options. Young investors might be quick to label real estate as “slow” or “boring,” but this is unlikely to be the case. Every type of investor can find something in real estate, with the possible exception of those who may actually be more gamblers than investors. Real estate investing can be a profitable way to build wealth over the long term. However, it is important to approach it with a well-informed and disciplined strategy. Some of the key factors to consider when investing in real estate include location, property type, financing, and market conditions. The need for real-estate investing strategies Creating a real estate investing strategy is important because it helps you to focus your efforts, minimize risk, and maximize your returns. By having a clear plan and set of goals, you can make more informed investment decisions, identify and capitalize on opportunities, and avoid common mistakes that can cost you time and money. Here are a few reasons why creating a real estate investing strategy is important: Provides direction: A strategy helps you to identify your objectives and set a clear path towards achieving them. It provides a framework for decision-making and helps to ensure that your investments align with your overall financial goals. Minimizes risk: Investing in real estate can be risky, but a well-developed strategy can help you to minimize those risks. By conducting thorough research and analysis, you can identify potential pitfalls and develop contingency plans to mitigate potential losses. Maximizes returns: By developing a strategy that takes into account your risk tolerance, investment goals, and other factors, you can identify the most profitable investment opportunities and allocate your resources accordingly. Helps with decision-making: A strategy can help you to make more informed investment decisions by providing a framework for evaluating potential opportunities. By setting clear criteria and benchmarks for success, you can avoid making impulsive decisions and focus on investments that are likely to provide the best returns. Overall, creating a real estate investing strategy is an essential step in building a successful real estate portfolio. It helps you to minimize risk, maximize returns, and stay focused on your investment goals. The effects of real-estate investment Real estate investment can have various impacts on equity, depreciation, negative gearing, and positive cash flow: Equity: Equity refers to the value of an asset that is owned by an individual or entity. When someone invests in real estate, they have the potential to increase their equity in the property over time through mortgage payments, appreciation, and improvements. This can result in a larger percentage of ownership in the property, which can provide a higher return on investment when it is sold. Depreciation: Depreciation is the reduction in the value of an asset over time due to wear and tear or obsolescence. In real estate investment, depreciation can be used as a tax deduction by the owner of the property, which can help reduce their taxable income. However, it’s important to note that depreciation is a non-cash expense, meaning it doesn’t actually require cash outlay but it reduces taxable income which can positively affect cash flow. Negative gearing: Negative gearing is a strategy in real estate investment where the cost of owning and managing a property (such as mortgage interest, property taxes, maintenance, etc.) exceeds the income generated from renting it out. The investor may be able to claim the loss as a tax deduction, which can offset their taxable income from other sources. While negative gearing may result in a loss in the short-term, it can potentially lead to long-term gains through capital growth, rental increases and tax benefits. Positive cash flow: Positive cash flow occurs when the income generated from renting out a property exceeds the expenses associated with owning and managing it. This can be achieved through careful selection of the property, setting rent rates that exceed expenses, and minimizing costs. Positive cash flow can provide a steady income stream for the investor and can be used to reinvest in other properties, pay off debt or for personal expenses. Overall, real estate investment can have significant impacts on equity, depreciation, negative gearing, and positive cash flow. Investors should carefully evaluate their goals, risk tolerance, and available resources before deciding to invest in real estate. Top  real-estate investing strategies Real estate investing enables portfolio diversification and the creation of passive income. Real estate investing is something you can start as a beginner and excel at. You are capable of completing all of your desired financial goals. You would, however, need to be familiar with some real-estate investment strategies. The year 2023 appears to be one that will be advantageous for real estate market investments. Try the Live-In-Flip approach The Live-In-Flip involves purchasing a home, relocating there, making improvements, and then holding onto the property for a predetermined amount of time before reselling it for a profit. A new anti-flipping law was introduced as of January 1st, 2023 as one of the measures to cool down the hot real estate market in the Greater Toronto Area. Profits from the sale of a property that has been owned for less than a year will be subject to business income tax under the new anti-flipping regulation. Remember that exceptions might apply if you sell due to a change in circumstances and explain this to CRA. The strategy of House hacking The

Statistics show that crime rates reflect an upward graph in 2023. For example, in the first half of 2022, approximately 236.1 million ransomware attacks were reported worldwide. While many crimes are considered in that graph, the one that accounts for the majority is cybercrime, in 2022 alone, investment fraud was the costliest form of cybercrime, with an average loss of $70,811 per victim. And digital currency is proving to be essential in combating cybercrime as the first line of defense.   Despite such frauds, digital currency has taken over the banking and financial sectors. Today, Bitcoin, Ethereum, Polygon, and Terra 2.0 are just a few of the popular names reigning in the world of digital currency and investors from a diverse age demographic are actively taking part in digital currency trading.  This blog will discuss digital currency and digital currency trading at length, going through its meaning, advantages, disadvantages, and other important segments.   What is Digital Currency Trading, and How to get Started?   Digital currency is a currency that is exclusively digital, decentralized, and secure. In recent years, digital currency trading has become increasingly popular, with more and more people interested in investing in this new type of asset. If you’re new to digital currency trading, you should know a few things to get started.   Something that separates digital currency from electronic money is that the former cannot be liquidated. However, the latter could be withdrawn from an ATM at any time.     The first thing to understand is that digital currency trading is similar to traditional stock trading. Just as with stocks, digital currencies are bought and sold on exchanges. These exchanges allow you to trade your digital currencies for other digital currencies and traditional fiat currencies like the US dollar.   The next step is choosing your stock. When selecting an exchange, it’s essential to do your research to find one that is reputable and trustworthy. Look for a deal with a good track record, is regulated by a respected authority, and has robust security measures to protect your assets.   You can buy digital currencies with traditional fiat currencies or trade other digital currencies. Once you’ve chosen an exchange, you need to set up an account and fund it with the digital currencies you want to trade. Be sure to pay attention to the exchange rates and fees associated with each transaction to ensure you’re getting the best deal.   Once you are done with the account setup and funding, you can start trading. Digital currency trading is a highly volatile market, so staying informed and keeping up with the latest news and trends is essential. This can help you make informed trading decisions and avoid significant losses.   Given the basics are in place, you should keep the following pointers in mind while trading in digital currency:   Have a strategy in place when trading digital currencies  Keep yourself updated on the latest trends, news, and trading methods.  Diversify your portfolio  Setting stop-loss orders to limit your losses  Do not put all your eggs in one basket  Trade only if you want to, not because you feel pressured  Avoid putting your life savings into trading  Stay disciplined with your trading strategy  Having said that, Digital Currency Trading is a double-edged sword. Investors must be familiar with the pros & cons of trading in digital currencies.   Pros   Quicker payments: Digital currencies allow payments to be completed much faster than current methods, such as ACH and wire transfers, which can take days for financial institutions to confirm transactions.   Cheaper international money transfers: International currency transactions are costly. Especially when it comes to currency conversion, individuals are charged high fees when transferring funds from one country to another. Digital assets can disrupt this market by making it faster and cheaper.   24/7 access: Existing transfers often take longer on weekends or outside regular business hours when banks are closed and cannot confirm transactions. In digital currency, trading occurs 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, at the same rate.   Well-structured government payments: If the government developed its Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), it could instantly send people payments for tax refunds, child support, food stamps, etc., instead of mailing checks or finding prepaid debit cards.    Cons   Too many options: The current popularity of digital currencies has a downside. So many digital currencies are being created on different blockchains, each with limitations, that it takes time to decide which is the best.   Steep learning curve: Digital currencies require work on the part of users to learn how to perform basic tasks such as learning to open your digital wallet and storing your digital assets securely and adequately. The system needs to be simpler for digital currencies to become widely accepted.   Price fluctuation: Cryptocurrency prices and values can change suddenly. However, CBDC’s value is much more stable than in fiat currency and does not fluctuate as much.    Bottom Line   In conclusion, digital currency trading is a potentially lucrative investment method. However, it’s vital to research, choose a reputable exchange, stay informed, and have a solid trading strategy. While digital currency trading can be highly profitable, it’s important to remember that it’s also speculative. Always invest only what you can afford to lose, and never invest more than you’re comfortable with. Following these tips can increase your scope of success and minimize risk in this exciting new market.   

Digital UPI payments in India have revolutionized the way people conduct financial transactions, offering a seamless, fast, and secure method for transferring funds. Unified Payments Interface (UPI) has gained massive popularity due to its ease of use, allowing users to make payments directly from their bank accounts using mobile phones. This digital payment system has empowered individuals, businesses, and even government services, making financial inclusion more accessible and efficient across the country. With the rapid adoption of UPI, India has emerged as a global leader in digital payment solutions. History of UPI in India BHIM UPI (Bharat Interface for Money) was the first UPI app in India, this application was created by the National Payments Corporation of India, and the purpose of making the application was to provide e-payments facilities to encourage cashless transactions. People found it easy because of time efficiency and transactions were done successfully within a few seconds. One citizen makes only six non-cash transactions on a regular basis, although 10 million merchants accept card payments. No banking of any kind is available to almost 145 million families. The handling of hidden money and the widespread defiling of genuine money are further problems. Since 1st January 2019, UPI became a well-known payment option and the transaction limit was allowed from 1,00,000 to 2,00,000 in March 2020. Once again Reserve Bank of India increased the limit to 5,00,000 for the Retail Direct Scheme and IPO applications, multiples facilities were provided by RBI like a cardless cash withdrawal facility from ATMs using a UPI-based QR code. Benefits of Digital Payments Advantages can be numerous, UPI digital payments have been widely spread in each city and state of India, and speed transactions are done which is helpful for both seller and the customer. Online payments save a lot of time, if we think about the old times we followed waiting in lines, and take time to write checks, people faced many challenges with their own money for example – waiting for banks to clear their checks so that they can have access to their own money. However, the time has changed and the digital payment method has eliminated the old rules. Individuals have benefits wherein they can pay for any goods and services whenever of the day from any region of the world. It is simpler to click an element on your cell phone than to gather the right measure of money for your buy. As a study, a percentage of 56% of shop-owner prefer online payment options as they find it easy to manage their bank transactions. Indian business has online payment option which can benefit their supply chain – distribution channels, Customer experience matters when it comes to the business, nowadays customer feels more advantageous to buy, and customer satisfaction will help the business grow. Your money and other financial information are simpler to manage and store when you use online payments. There are numerous tools on the internet that can assist with transactions for both customers and sellers. You can let the tools manage your funds instead of having to keep track of them yourself. Things get easier because you don’t have to carry cash or credit cards. Subscription markets are now easily operational because of online payments. People used to regularly make cash or credit card payments in the past. Nowadays, consumers don’t need to actually remember to pay or make the effort to travel far to the actual place of business to make their payments because those processes are automated. Due to this, it is now simpler for both the merchant and the client to accept and receive payments. The downside of Digital payments Like any other technology-dependent software, online payments are susceptible to technical issues or downtime, gateway issues can cause frustration among the customers and the merchants, to avoid transaction failures we must have a strong internet connection. There is a good risk that an online portal can access your personal data or bank account information if you are a registered user and often utilize online payments. Even if one-time passwords (OTPs) are used for the majority of transactions, some circumstances call for password protection. You could be in danger of a privacy violation, especially if you work with several institutions. One of the major difficulties of online payments is the fact that many consumers, especially the elderly population, lack basic computer literacy. They avoid using online payment methods because they lack sufficient knowledge of how to use technology and devices. Many of them continue to use traditional payment methods because they are afraid of the difficulties involved. This is a significant disadvantage for emerging nations like India. In contrast to actual transactions, it is impossible to verify if the person making an online payment is who they say they are. The majority of online payments are made anonymously because there are no verification techniques like photos or signatures. This has the potential to significantly increase forgeries and identity theft. Final thoughts Digital payments are causing numerous changes in the e-commerce industry. It is pretty much expected of you to offer online payment alternatives as a business owner and a client. Online payments have their own set of drawbacks that you need to be aware of, despite the fact that they are generally thought to be favourable for many obvious reasons. After all, in the modern digital environment, every useful function carries a small amount of risk. Most of these drawbacks are manageable with the right care and management.

Introduction Money or other assets owned by investors are managed by investment managers. Asset management is more than buying and selling financial assets. It involves managing other investments as well. Management includes devising a short- or long-term strategy for acquiring portfolio holdings. Aside from banking and budgeting, it can also include tax and duty services. Choosing the best investment options for wealth management is a concern for people of all income groups. While managing money is important for a financially secure future. There are several long-term and short-term investment options that you can opt for, considering your goals and risk appetite. A few of the best investment options are listed below: 1. Fixed Deposits and Recurring Deposits 2. Mutual Fund 3. Direct Equity 4. Post Office Saving Scheme 5. Bonds 6. Public Provident Funds (PPF) Some of the best investment options In this section, we will discuss some of the most suitable investment options: 1. Fixed Deposits (FD) and Recurring Deposits (RD) It’s an investment among many investors, especially those who seek guaranteed returns with minimal risk, FD and RD accounts can be easily opened by everyone with leading banks, Non-Banking Financial Companies and post offices. Key features that make FD and RD: Assured returns Minimal risk as compared to other investments Simple renewal and withdrawal facility Flexible investment amount Loan against FD is the last emergency option 2. Mutual Funds While investment in mutual funds is taken to market risk ones we should evaluate the risk before investing. Mutual funds can be a great investment option with the right understanding of the market and its risks. if you are going for short-term investments or long-term. Monthly systematic investment plans or systematic withdrawal plans can be good investment options if you want a stable income from mutual funds but are not a high-risk investor. It’s the best option if you are looking for a high-return investment. 3. Direct Equity The first thing you should figure out, you are looking for long-term or short-term investments. In the long run, direct equity investing is one of the most beneficial investments. It has to do with a company’s equity shares, which bind you in relation to the ownership of the business legally. You acquire the right to participate in corporate meetings and influence the firm’s decisions by purchasing shares of a corporation. Also, you receive a distribution of the company’s profits based on the number of shares you own. As an investor, you must know that a company’s profit and loss have an impact on the share price, both positive and negative. Depending on the market conditions and your risk, you can also choose to give up the shares back later either to the company or a third party. 4. Post Office Saving Schemes Indian Post, which controls the postal chain in the country, offers these deposit avenues to investors. A few decades ago, this investment option was designed to encourage disciplined savings. Additionally, it provides investment opportunities to assist them in their financial planning. Enrollment or application is easy, making these schemes an excellent investment option. Investing in these savings schemes can be done at your local Post Office. Post office investments include the following savings schemes: Post Office Savings Account Post Office Time Deposit Account (TD) 5-year Recurring Deposit Account (RD) Monthly Income Scheme Account (MIS), and among others 5. Bonds : A bond is a fixed-income instrument that represents a loan made by an investor to a borrower. Similar to how a select few businesses and governmental entities issue bonds to the public markets to raise money for social initiatives and infrastructure development. There are five main types of bonds: Treasury, savings, agency, municipal, and corporate. Each type of bond has its own sellers, purposes, buyers, and levels of risk and returns also. If you want to take benefit of bonds, then you can buy securities that are based on bonds. 6. National Pension Scheme (NPS): The National Pension Plan was first established to take the place of the pension plans for employees of the State and Central Government. In May 2009, NPS investments became available to all Indian citizens. The National Pension System (NPS) allows investors to make investment decisions by establishing either a Tier 1 or Tier 2 account. According to current rules, only the Tier 1 account offers tax benefits and is required for all investors. There are no tax advantages to the optional Tier 2 NPS account. The finest long-term investment in India right now is still NPS. Some features and benefits of NPS: Flexible investment amount starting from only Rs. 500 annually The option to withdraw partial amounts in case of medical or financial emergencies A long-term investment that will provide financial security after retirement. 7. Public Provident Fund (PPF): Public Provident Fund is a government-backed scheme that gives guaranteed returns based on the interest rate. PPF interest rates are determined by the Government and are subject to change quarterly. The current interest rate from PPF is 7.1%. Moreover, PPFs have a 15-year maturity term; you can begin withdrawing your money after six years. Whenever you can use your PPF balance as security to take loans. Since the principal amount, interest earned, and maturity amount are all eligible for tax savings, it falls under the EEE category. Therefore, PPFs are one of the best investment options. As per Section 80C of the IT Act 1961, you can avoid tax deductions for your contribution towards the PPF account.

Introduction A system of finance involves the transfer of money between lenders, investors, and borrowers. It operates on a range of scales, including corporate, international, and national. As a result, it involves a lot of complexity in terms of markets, institutions, etc. Credit, money, and finance are all employed as trade mediums in the financial system. As a result, they function as a known value in the trade of goods and services. As a result, financial markets, services, and instruments provided by banks are included in modern systems. Also, this system enables the smooth investment, distribution, and movement of financial resources. Purpose of Finance – Why Finance is important The goal of finance is to assist individuals, companies, and the government in raising, managing, and using money as effectively as possible. Any company or organization’s foundation is bound to fall apart without the effective administration and use of financial resources. Therefore, a dedicated finance system is mandatory for any organization to optimize its goals. Take the example of a typical business organization. There are many divisions, including those for finance, human resources, accounting, sales, marketing, development, or investments, as well as perhaps a few others, such as administrative and customer support. Finance may be the most significant of all these divisions since it strives to make sure that money is used effectively and that the greatest financial solutions are incorporated into the business plan. Types of Finance Public finance, personal finance, and corporate finance are the three primary categories of finance in the finance industry because everyone needs funds to function, including people, governments, businesses, and authorized entities. Next, let’s examine some financial ideas in greater detail. Public Finance: Every country needs money to run. The government spends money that is raised through the collection of taxes and investment returns as the country’s revenue. Healthcare, medical facilities, staff pay, member dues, etc. are some expenses. The general public either collects or pays for all of the revenue and expenses. As a result, finance is known as public finance because a significant portion of it is contributed by the general population. At every point, the public is involved, whether, at the state or federal levels, it deals with revenue and expenditure. Public finance management plays an important role in developing the economy as its growth largely depends on its proper utilization. Managing public money, economic growth, eradicating inequality, maintaining price stability, meeting the basic necessities of the country, and controlling the value of the currency on the world market are the goals of public finance. Public finance management is a broader concept. It requires appropriate planning, resource allocation, and regulating adverse situations through creating fiscal and financial policies and budgets to ensure the nation’s growth. Personal Finance: The art of managing money can be viewed as personal finance. Based on needs and preferences, it deals with the income, savings, and expenses of an individual or household. Planning one’s finances increases the likelihood of achieving one’s financial objectives. They can maintain a respectable level of living and secure their future even with meager incomes. In the current economic and social climate, personal finance plays a significant role in shaping the course and essence of human existence. Personal finance is something that everyone needs. Personal finance can be advantageous in a number of ways, depending on each person’s situation. It makes money management simpler for certain people. Others find that it simplifies their financial goals and investments. Every person manages their own finances to some extent. The trick is to find the correct balance between income, expenses, savings, and investments. This balance will ensure that the individual’s personal financial management and planning are at their finest. Corporate Finance: Financial choices that a company takes in the course of its regular business operations are referred to as corporate finance. It seeks to increase revenue for the company by making better use of its capital while lowering the risks associated with particular choices. As a result, corporate financial decisions are business decisions that entail the choice of sources of cash for funding corporations. It seeks to secure funds from the appropriate sources to handle short- and long-term financial activity. It plans out how a business will use and manage capital in order to maximise value. For the purpose of managing risk and profitability, it is essential to plan proper capital budgeting and structures. A company’s financial operations and capital investment decisions are directed and supervised by corporate finance departments. These options include whether or not to move through with a proposed investment, how to fund it (either with equity, debt, or both), and whether or not to distribute dividends to shareholders. Assets, current liabilities, and inventory control are all under the finance division’s authority. The capital structure of a corporation plays a key role in maximizing enterprise value. Long- and short-term debt, as well as ordinary and preferred equity, may all be included in its structure. How hazardous or well-balanced capital financing is sometimes determined by the ratio of a company’s obligation to equity. The field of corporate finance is intricate and dynamic. To make wise financial decisions, businesses need a solid grasp of the most recent economic theories and practices. Conclusion Learning and practicing a number of skills linked to budgeting, debt management and repayment, and comprehension of credit and investment products are all part of becoming financially literate. Basic steps to improve your personal finances include creating a budget, keeping track of expenses, being diligent about timely payments, being prudent about saving money, periodically checking the credit report, and investing for the future. The ability to manage money properly is made possible by having a solid understanding of finance. One’s actions and decisions about savings and investments would be flimsy and unsupported if one lacked financial literacy. By understanding financial principles, one can efficiently manage their finances. Additionally, it facilitates sound financial decision-making, financial management, and stability. Also, financial literacy provides a comprehensive understanding of financial education as well as a range